Inca Hairless Dog 

       

   History  

According to certain experts, this dog was introduced in Peru during the Chinese immigration, soon after the promulgation of the law abolishing the slavery of blacks by the President of Peru, Don Ramon Castilla. On the other hand, other searchers suppose that this dog comes from the African continent through the intermediary of nomads who arrived in America accompanied by their hairless dogs. Another possible explanation is that the presence of this dog would be due to the migration of men and their dogs from Asia to America through the Bering Strait.
However, there are certain proofs such as the representations which appear on ceramics of different pre-Inca civilizations (Vicus, Mochica, Chancay under Tiahuanacoid influence, Chimu); in many cases the hairless dog has replaced the Puma, the snake or the falcon, this in particular and in a more evident way in the Chancay culture. As we can gather from the reproductions, the hairless dog appears during the pre-Inca archaeological periods, i.e. between the year’s 300BC and the years 1400 AD

 
GENERAL APPEARANCE Going by his general conformation, it is an elegant and slim dog, whose aspect expresses speed, strength and harmony without ever appearing coarse. He is of noble and affectionate nature with those nearest to him. He is reserved towards strangers, lively, alert and a good guard dog. The breed is very rare and very primitive.  Their anatomy is stronger and more substantially structured than a traditional Sighthound, but they possess the Sighthound-like characteristics of speed and keen vision and hearing. The dog needs to have long limbs and elegance. The Peruvian hairless dog most resembles greyhounds with its structure and speedCHARACTERISTICS: This breed has, as a fundamental characteristic, the absence of hair all over the body. Another particular feature is that the dentition is nearly always incomplete.
NB Tusks can forward pointing canines can also occur. No dog should be penalized for missing teeth. TEMPERAMENT: Noble and affectionate at home with those close to him, at the same time lively and alert; he is wary. A good guard in the presence of strangers.HEAD: The head is of wolf like conformation  Skull: Of medium breadth. Orthoïd, i.e. the upper axes of the skull and muzzle are parallel; a slight divergence is accepted. Seen from above, the skull is broad and the head tapers toward the nose. The superciliary arches are well developed. The occipital crest is hardly marked.

 

 

 

 

 

 
Stop    Cranial-facial depression barely marked (approximately 140 degrees).
Nose: The colour of the nose must be in harmony with the different colours of the skin.
Muzzle: Seen in profile, the nasal bridge is straight. Lips: They must be as tight as possible and close to the gums
Cheeks: Normally developed. EYES: Alert and intelligent expression. The eyes must be of average dimensions, slightly almond shaped, neither deep-set nor prominent, normally and regularly placed, i.e. neither too close together nor too wide apart. The colour can vary from black, going through all shades of brown up to yellow, in harmony with the skin colour. In any case, both eyes must be of the same colour. The colour of the eyelids may go from black to pink in subjects with a light coloured face. The light pink colours are admitted but not sought after.

 

 

 

 

 

EARS   The ears must be pricked when the dog is attentive, whereas at rest, they are laid towards the back. The ears are of medium length; broad at the base, tapering progressively towards their tip, ending almost pointed. The ear set starts on the upper part of the skull to end laterally and obliquely. In the erect position, the axes of the ears form a variable angle near 90 degrees.  Ears are not at 90 degrees but NEAR 90 degrees. Ears should be placed a little on the side of the head.
One should pay attention to the size of the ears- they should be RELATIVELY LARGE and erect, rather than small. The ears should not be dropped or be rose-shaped. The judge should see the dog in the ring, at least once, with its ears erect.  The standard approves only erect and while at rest, lay towards the back. The ears should be thin. Normally they are thin and even soft but they should stay up. Under faults the standard names semi-erect, hanging or cropped ears as faults. MOUTH: The incisors are in a scissor bite and the canines developed normally. The absence of one or all the pre molars and molars is accepted. The lower jaw is only slightly developed. The dogs normally have some premolars; it is sufficient if the dog has 4+4 incisors. Many do not have canine teeth. It is a rarity to find dogs that have plenty of teeth and are still a TRUE hairless! Dogs with too much hair often have all teeth like the coated version. There is however a lot more to a dog than its teeth. The dogs in Peru rarely have full mouths- the lack of teeth is real and the breeders cannot make miracles in a second. If one has to decide between an over-hairy dog with teeth or a true hairless with lesser teeth, the hairless is absolutely better.  Some individuals lose some of their teeth during the years and others don’t even get some of their teeth. It is often that young dogs lose their permanent teeth because the root of the tooth doesn’t develop properly.”  NECK: The upper line is curved (convex). The length is approximately the same length as the head. The shape is near to a truncated cone shape, supple, with good musculature.  The skin on the neck is fine, smooth and elastic, really close to the subcutaneous tissues. No dewlap.



                 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
FOREQUARTERS  Well united with the body. Seen from the front, they are perfectly vertical and the elbows are not turned out. The angle at the shoulders joint varies from between 100 degrees and 120 degrees. Seen in profile, the angle formed by the pastern and the vertical will form 15 degrees to 20 degrees. Students of the breed should note minimum angulation is required in this breed. Perfectly straight when viewed from the front, together with a distinct angulation in pastern are the requirements of the standard.  BODY: ELEGANT (not Robust) with a muscular body  Topline: Straight, although certain subjects show dorsal-lumbar convexity which disappears at croup level. Withers: Barely accentuated. Chest: Seen from the front, the chest must have good amplitude, but without excess; come down almost to the elbow. The ribs must be lightly sprung, never flat. The girth of the chest, measured behind the elbows, must exceed by about 18% the height at the withers. Back: Topline straight, with well-developed back muscles often forming all along the back a muscular bi-convexity, which extends to the lumbar region. Lumbar region: Strong and well muscled. Its length reaches approximately 1/5th of the height at the withers. Croup: Its upper profile is slightly convex. Its slant compared to the horizontal is about 40 degrees. Its solid and well-muscled conformation assures a good impulsion.
  Underline and Belly: The lower profile draws an elegant and well-marked line which goes from the lower part of the chest and rises along the belly which must be well tucked up, but without excess.HINDQUARTERS: The muscles are rounded and elastic. The curve of the buttocks is well marked. The coxal-femoral angle varies between 120 degrees and 130 degrees. And the femoral-tibial angle must be of 140 degrees. Seen from behind, the hindquarters must be vertical. Dewclaws must be removed.The angulation of the hindquarters should clearly balance that of the forequarters. The curve of the buttocks is clearly defined. When viewed from the side or behind the rear pastern should be vertical. FEET: The forefeet are semi-long and look like hare-feet. The pads are strong and heat-resistant. The interdigital membranes are well developed. The black dogs have preferably black nails The lighter dogs light nails the hind feet are the same as the forefeet The feet of a Peruvian are webbed, as you would expect in a water dog. The breed was developed on the western side of Peru where little rain falls. The webbing along with the short step enables the dog to run up sand dunes after prey. Black dogs can have some white nails too, but black is preferred. All nails, however, must be very strong and long. The dogs have a massive nail growth and if the nails are not clipped often the toes “spread” and the shape of the paw alters and lowers. Dewclaws are not allowed in the hind legs.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
TAIL  The tail is set on low. Of good thickness at its root, it tapers towards its tip. When excited, the dog can carry the tail raised in a round curve above the back line, but never as curved as being rolled up. At rest, it hangs with a slight upward hook at the tip. Sometimes carried tucked in towards the abdomen In length it almost reaches the hock. The tail must not be docked  It is acceptable for the tail to be tucked in towards the abdomen. The tail can have a few longer hairs. One should pay attention to the length of the tail. It must not be too short nor should the hair be taken into account when estimated the length of the tail. A self-confident male carries its tail up and the tip of the tail can form a loop, but the tail rolling up to a ball or resembling the letter O is not allowed. SKIN: The skin must be smooth and elastic all over the body, but can form rounded almost concentric lines on the head and round the eyes and the cheeks. It has been checked that the internal and external temperature of these dogs is exactly the same as other breeds. The absence of hair leads to an immediate and direct emanation of heat, different from the hairy subjects, where the heat filters through the coat by natural ventilation.  GAIT/MOVEMENT: Given the structure and angulations of the above-mentioned quarters, these dogs move with a rather short step, but fast and at the same time quite soft and flexible. There are two types of movement that are approved: Short and fast movements when the dog moves with flexible steps.
Other dogs move like the Paso Fino horses, lifting their legs high and that is also approved to this breed. This gait is designed for the dog to run through sand dunes in the most effective and efficient way assisted by the webbed feet. A Peruvian should never move with long steps, even if it looked great. Neither should the dog have a Hackney gait. Nor are the wrists loose or soft. The angulation should be minimal in both the front and the rear, especially the rear angulations which should not be too strong.


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
COAT To deserve the name of hairless dog, the coat (hair) must be non-existent. Vestiges of hair on the head and on the extremities of the legs and tail are admitted and, sometimes, a few rare hairs appear on the back. COLOUR: The colour of the hair can vary from black in black dogs, slate black, elephant black, bluish black, the wholes scale of greys, dark brown going to light blond. All those colours can be uniform or show pinkish patches at all points of the body. FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.  Semi-erect ears. Presence of dewclaws on the hindquarters. DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:
Upper or lower prognathism.
Deviated jaw (Wry Mouth)
Hanging or cropped ears
Tail-less, short tail, docked tail.
Excessively hairy on the parts of the body authorised by the standard.
Presence of hair on other parts of the body not authorised by the standard
Albinism. N.B.:  Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
Faults   Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness should with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.  Note * Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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